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¡ã ¸® Ä«ÀÌÀú ÀÇÀå.(Ãâó : ¸µÅ©µåÀÎ Àοë) |
¹Ì±¹ ¸® Ä«ÀÌÀú(Lee Kaiser) ¹Ì±¹ NFPA 75 °³¹ß ±â¼ú À§¿øȸ ÀÇÀå °â ORR ÇÁ·ÎÅØ¼Ç ¿£Áö´Ï¾î¸µ ¹× ÈƷúι® ºÎ»çÀå(Vice President of Engineering and Training at ORR Protection)ÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
Áö³ 10¿ù 15ÀÏ, Ä«Ä«¿À µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ Áï SK(ÁÖ) C&C ÆDZ³ Ä·ÆÛ½º »ç°í ÀÌÈÄ ¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸® ±â¹Ý µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ ÈÀç ±×¸®°í ÈÀç ¿¹¹æ·È®»ê ¿¹¹æ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¹³»¿Ü °ü½ÉÀÌ ¶ß°Ì´Ù.
±× Áß ±¹³»¿¡¼µµ ¸®Æ¬ ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ »ó¾÷¿ë °Ç¹°À̳ª, µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ±âÁØ ¸¶·ÃÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ÁöÀûÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù.
¿¹ÄÁ´ë, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ NFPA(National Fire Protection Association) 855´Â Àü±â ÀúÀåÀåÄ¡ ¼³Ä¡±âÁØÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
NFPA´Â Áö³ 2019³â¿¡´Â Àü±âÀúÀåÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼Òȼ³ºñ ±âÁØÀ» ½Å¼³Çß´Ù.
¸® Ä«ÀÌÀú À§¿øÀåÀº ¹Ì±¹ NFPA¿¡¼ ÀÌ°°Àº Àü±â ÀúÀåÀåÄ¡ ÈÀç¿¡ ´ëºñÇÑ °¢Á¾ ±â¼ú¿¬±¸ ÃÑ°ý ÀÇÀåÀ» ¸Ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½Àº ÀϹ®ÀÏ´ä.
Q). ¿ì¼± ¸® Ä«ÀÌÀú ºÎ»çÀåÀÌ ÇöÀç ORR ÇÁ·ÎÅؼÇ(Protection)¿¡¼ ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀº.
I am a fire protection engineer and my team designs fire alarms, fire suppression, and specialty gas and fire detection systems for data centers, telecommunications buildings, and power plants.
I participate in the codes and standards process in the U.S. and I chair the technical committee who develops NFPA 75, the Standard for the Fire Protection of Information Technology Equipment.
³ª´Â ¼Ò¹æ ¿£Áö´Ï¾îÀÌ°í ¿ì¸® ÆÀÀº µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ, Åë½Å °Ç¹° ¹× Àü·Â ¹ßÀü¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÈÀç °æº¸, ÈÀç Áø¾Ð ¹× Ư¼ö °¡½º ¹× ÈÀç °¨Áö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¼³°èÇÑ´Ù.
¾Æ¿ï·¯ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÄÚµå ¹× Ç¥ÁØ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¤º¸ ±â¼ú ÀåºñÀÇ ÈÀç º¸È£¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØ ‘NFPA 75’¸¦ °³¹ßÇÏ´Â ±â¼úÀ§¿øȸ ÀÇÀåÀ» ¸Ã°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Q) ÃÖ±Ù Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¹ú¾îÁø Ä«Ä«¿À µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ ÁöÇÏ Àü±â½Ç ÈÀç¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö(ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¼ºñ½º ¾÷ü Ä«Ä«¿À°¡ ¾à 4ÀÏ°£ ITÀå¾Ö ¹× ¼ºñ½º°¡ Áß´ÜµÈ »ç·Ê±îÁö).
Yes I am. I was aware of it on Monday through an article I saw posted online.
¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ù¿äÀÏ(10¿ù 17ÀÏ), ¿Â¶óÀο¡ ¿Ã¶ó¿Â ±ÛÀ» ÅëÇØ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Q) ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀ» Á¢ÇÑ Ä«ÀÌÀú À§¿øÀåÀÇ ¼Ò°¨Àº(¾Õ¼± ÁúÀÇ ¿¬°è).
I was aware many data centers throughout the world have chosen to move to new battery technologies for their UPS systems, including lithium-ion batteries and I was afraid there would be a major incident in a data center soon related to the batteries.
In June 2022 I presented on lithium-ion battery fire safety at a data center conference in the U.S. (7x24 Exchange Conference) and warned that this type of incident was coming.
I am afraid this will not be the last one.
There is new code guidance that can make the installation of lithium-ion batteries safer in buildings, but it is not being adopted quickly enough to stem the tide of how these batteries are being installed.
³ª´Â Àü ¼¼°èÀÇ ¸¹Àº µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ°¡ ¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ UPS ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» »õ·Î¿î ¹èÅ͸® ±â¼ú·Î ÀüȯÇϱâ·Î ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú°í, µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ¿¡¼ ¹èÅ͸®¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ °ð Å« »ç°í°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ±î ºÁ °ÆÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
2022³â 6¿ù, ¹Ì±¹ µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ ÄÁÆÛ·±½º(7x24 Exchange Conference)¿¡¼ ¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸® ÈÀç ¾ÈÀü¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹ßÇ¥Çϸç ÀÌ·± À¯ÇüÀÇ »ç°ÇÀÌ °ð ¹ß»ýÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ´ëÇØ °æ°íÇß´Ù.
“´õ±¸³ª À̹ø »ç°í°¡ ¸¶Áö¸·ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÆÁ¤µÈ´Ù”
°Ç¹°¿¡ ¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ º¸´Ù ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »õ·Î¿î ÄÚµå °¡À̵尡 ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÇöÀçÀÇ ¼³Ä¡ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹Ù²Ü Á¤µµ·Î ºü¸£°Ô äÅõǰí ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °Í °°´Ù.
Q) ¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸®¿¡¼ ÈÀç ³ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÇ´Âµ¥, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼µµ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö, »ç·Ê¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù¸é(¾Ö¸®Á¶³ª ¼ÇÁ¶óÀÌÁî ÈÀç Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í).
So far in the U.S. there has not been a similar incident in a data center or telecommunications building. The U.S. has had several fires started in lithium-ion batteries in other energy storage facilities.
Moss Landing in Monterey County, California has had multiple incidents with the most recent one in September.
The fire started at the PG&E side of the facility in a Tesla Megapack energy storage unit.
Áö±Ý±îÁö ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾Åͳª Åë½Å»ç °Ç¹°¿¡¼ À¯»çÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸, ´Ù¸¥ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå ½Ã¼³¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸®¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ Â÷·Ê ÈÀç°¡ ¹ß»ýÇß¾ú´Ù.
Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ¸óÅ×·¹ÀÌ Ä«¿îƼ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ð½º ·£µù(Áö¿ª¸í)Àº Áö³ 9¿ù ±×¸®°í ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¿©·¯ °ÇÀÇ »ç°ÇÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù.
ÈÀç´Â Å×½½¶ó ¸Þ°¡ÆÑ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ‘PG&E’ ½Ã¼³ ÂÊ¿¡¼ ½ÃÀ۵ƴÙ.(PG&E: Pacific Gas and Electric Company´Â 1905³â Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡ ¼³¸³µÆÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ °¡Àå Å« õ¿¬°¡½º¿Í Àü±â ¿¡³ÊÁö ȸ»ç Áß Çϳª´Ù)
Q) ±× »ç°í¿¡¼ ÀθíÇÇÇصµ ÀÖ¾ú´ÂÁö, Àç»ê»ó ¼Õ½ÇÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµ¿´´ÂÁö.
In the most recent Moss Landing fire there were no casualties, but a single 3 MWh energy storage unit was lost.
The Megapack is approximately the size of a 40 foot long ISO storage container.
°¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¸ð½º ·£µù ÈÀç¿¡¼´Â »ç»óÀÚ´Â ¾ø¾úÁö¸¸, 3¸Þ°¡¿ÍÆ®(MWh)ÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå ÀåÄ¡ Çϳª°¡ ¼Õ½ÇµÆ´Ù.
¸Þ°¡ÆÑÀº ´ë·« 40ÇÇÆ® ±æÀÌÀÇ ISO ÀúÀå ÄÁÅ×À̳ÊÀÇ Å©±â´Ù.
Q) ¾Õ¼± »ç°í ÀÌÈÄ, ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ ÃëÇÑ Á¶Ä¡´Â ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡.
There are several agencies researching the best ways to deal with the fire and explosion hazards that lithium-ion batteries pose.
Fire departments are learning how to safely respond to incidents and code-making groups are developing new standards to make new installations safer.
¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸®°¡ ¾ß±â½ÃÅ°´Â ÈÀç ¹× Æø¹ß À§Çè¿¡ ´ëóÇÏ´Â ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â ¿©·¯ ±â°üÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¼Ò¹æ¼´Â »ç°í¿¡ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ´ëÀÀÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ì°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Äڵ带 ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ´Â ±×·ìÀº º¸´Ù ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô »õ·Î¿î (¹èÅ͸®¸¦) ¼³Ä¡Çϴ ǥÁØÀ» »õ·Ó°Ô °³¹ßÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Q) ¹Ì±¹ ‘NFPA855’ ±ÔÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ¼Ò°³ÇØ ´Þ¶ó.
NFPA 855 is the Standard for the Installation of Stationary Energy Storage Systems and applies to most battery installations in commercial buildings, It also applies to existing buildings where the battery technology is being changed(e.g. lithium ion battery retrofits).
Requirements for installations vary based on the battery type and if the battery is installed in a ‘dedicated building’ or a ‘non-dedicated building’.
Energy storage buildings like at Moss Landing are considered dedicated buildings.
Data centers would be considered non-dedicated buildings because there are more functions in the building than just housing the batteries and have more fire protection requirements.
NFPA 855´Â °íÁ¤ ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¼³Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î, »ó¾÷¿ë °Ç¹° ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹èÅ͸® ¼³Ä¡¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¸ç ¹èÅ͸® ±â¼úÀÌ º¯°æµÇ´Â ±âÁ¸ °Ç¹°(¿¹: ¸®Æ¬ ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸® °³Á¶)¿¡µµ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¼³Ä¡ ¿ä°ÇÀº ¹èÅ͸® Á¾·ù¿Í ¹èÅ͸®°¡ ‘Àü¿ë °Ç¹°’ ¶Ç´Â ‘ºñÀü¿ë °Ç¹°’¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÆ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù.
¸ð½º ·£µù°ú °°Àº ¿¡³ÊÁö ÀúÀå °Ç¹°Àº Àü¿ë °Ç¹°ÀÎ ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù.
“¹Ý¸é, µ¥ÀÌÅͼ¾ÅÍ´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù °Ç¹°¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ´õ ¸¹Àº ÈÀç º¸È£ ¿ä±¸»çÇ×À» ÁöÄÑ¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ºñÀü¿ë °Ç¹°·Î °£Áֵȴٔ
Q) Ȥ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¸®Æ¬ ¹èÅ͸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ë¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² ¹æ½ÄÀÌ Àְڴ°¡.
Other battery chemistries are being researched actively as well as less volatile electrolyte types for lithium-ion batteries.
The challenge will be to deliver performance including high energy densities, long life, and low maintenance close to that of lithium-ion batteries for approximately the same cost.
¸®Æ¬ ÀÌ¿Â ÀüÁöÀÇ °æ¿ì, Èֹ߼ºÀÌ ÀûÀº ÀüÇØÁú Á¾·ù »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ù¸¥ ÀüÁö ÈÇй°µéµµ È°¹ßÈ÷ ¿¬±¸µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
ÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ôÀº ¿¡³ÊÁö ¹Ðµµ, ±ä ¼ö¸í, ¼Õ½¬¿î À¯Áöº¸¼ö µî ¼º´ÉÀ» °¡Áø ¸®Æ¬ÀÌ¿Â ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ °ÅÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ³²Àº °úÁ¦°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Q) ±â¾÷ÀÌ ±»ÀÌ ¸®Æ¬ ¹èÅ͸®¸¦ °íÁýÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¼Ò¹æ¾ÈÀü Ãø¸é¿¡¼ ¾î¶² Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ¼±ÇàÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö.
The batteries should be located on floors where the fire department can easily access them for firefighting.
They need to be separated from other uses in the building by fire walls.
The room needs fire sprinklers with appropriate water flow rates - higher than other areas of the building. It needs smoke detection for early warning of a problem in the building.
And exhaust fans tied to gas detectors to control the buildup of explosive gasses if the batteries have problems.
Other active fire extinguishing systems could be installed in the room to avoid other fires exposing themselves to the batteries causing worse problems.
¹èÅ͸®´Â ¼Ò¹æ¼¿¡¼ ½±°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ¹èÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍµéÀº ¹æȺ®À¸·Î °Ç¹°ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐ°ú ºÐ¸®µÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
¶Ç (¹èÅ͸®°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ) ±× ¹æÀº °Ç¹°ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ °÷º¸´Ù ÀûÀýÇÑ ¹° À¯·®À» °¡Áø ¼Ò¹æ ½ºÇÁ¸µÅ¬·¯°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
ÀÌ¾î °Ç¹°¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°åÀ» ¶§ Á¶±â °æº¸¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¿¬±â°¨Áö ¼³ºñ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
±×¸®°í ¹èÅ͸®¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý°åÀ» °æ¿ì, Æø¹ß¼º °¡½ºÀÇ ÃàÀûÀ» ¸·±â À§ÇØ °¡½º °¨Áö±â¿Í ¿¬°áµÈ ¹è±â ÆÒÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¼ÒÈ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ½Ç³»¿¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇØ ´Ù¸¥ ÈÀç°¡ ¹èÅ͸®±îÁö ¿Å°Ü ºÙ¾î ´õ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
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